Onoceranoid Triterpene from the Stembark of Lansium domesticum Corr. Cv. pisitan and Their Larvicidal Activity

Abstract

Lansium domesticum Corr. is a plant of the Meliaceae family known to produce metabolites that are beneficial for insect control and medicine. This plant can be found in almost all provinces in Indonesia. L. domesticum Corr consists of three varieties, namely duku, kokosan and pisitan. L. domesticum Corr. duku and kokosan varieties are known to have various secondary metabolite compounds including the onoceranoid triterpene and showed various biological activities, namely antifeedant, larvicide, antimalarial, and cytotoxic. The aim of this study was to obtain isolated compound and determined its chemical structures of triterpenoid compound from ethyl acetate extract of pisitan stem bark (L. domesticum Corr. Cv. pisitan) and its larvicide activity against Aedes aegypti larvae. The isolation process begins with maceration of pisitan bark with methanol then continued with partitioning of the methanol extract with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was then separated and purified using column chromatography techniques. The pure isolate compound 1 was further characterized using mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and 2D NMR. The chemical structure of the isolated compound was determined based on spectroscopic data and by comparison with previously obtained spectral data. The isolated compound 1 was identified as lansiolic acid, which is first time isolated from this variety. The larvicidal activity of the compound against A. aegypti larvae showed a percentage of larval death of 90% after 48 hours of observation at a test solution concentration of 1%.